Ohm’s Law is the only equation you truly need to memorize. [ V = I \times R ] If you know two of these values, you can calculate the third. A 330Ω resistor with a 5V supply will pass roughly 15mA of current. 2. The Capacitor (The Reservoir) Function: To store electrical energy in an electric field . Unit: Farad (F) – usually microfarads (µF) or picofarads (pF).
When you apply voltage, the resistor limits the current. The capacitor fills up slowly. The time it takes to charge is not random; it is precise: [ T = R \times C ]
Resistors don't just "waste" power; they create relationships . By placing a resistor in a circuit, you dictate the voltage at a specific point (Voltage Divider) or limit the current to save an LED from burning out (Current Limiting). electrical components and their functions
They are just simple parts, following simple rules. But together, they run the world. Have a question about a specific component? Drop it in the comments below!
Inductors hate change. They resist sudden changes in current . If a capacitor is a water tank (pressure storage), an inductor is a heavy flywheel (flow storage). If you try to stop a flywheel instantly, it snaps the axle. Similarly, if you disconnect an inductor carrying current, it will generate a massive voltage spike to try to keep the current moving. (This is why relays have "flyback diodes"—to catch that spike.) Ohm’s Law is the only equation you truly need to memorize
Think of a capacitor as a very fast, very small rechargeable battery. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulator (dielectric). Voltage pushes electrons onto one plate; they want to jump to the other side but can't cross the gap. This creates a stored charge.
An inductor is simply a coil of wire. When current flows, it creates a magnetic field around the coil. When the current tries to stop, that magnetic field collapses and pushes the current to keep going . When you apply voltage, the resistor limits the current
A diode is a semiconductor sandwich (P-type and N-type silicon). On one side, it looks like an open highway; on the other, it looks like a brick wall.
