Negishi, M. (2015). The JF Standard and its relation to CEFR. Japanese Language Education Methods , 22(1), 12–13.

| Unit Phase | Original Marugoto Activity | Marugoto Plus Enhancement | |------------|----------------------------|----------------------------| | Preparation | Vocabulary list & CD audio | Gamified kanji battle (Anki + leaderboard) | | Core 1 | Dialogue model (CD) | Interactive role-play with Marubot (AI voice chatbot) | | Core 2 | Pair work (scripted) | Unscripted VR scenario (e.g., lost in Shinjuku station) | | Cultural | Reading & worksheet | VR cultural quest (e.g., attend a matsuri and use polite requests) | | Can-do check | Self-assessment sheet | AI-generated feedback report + teacher dashboard |

– A fine-tuned LLM that uses Marugoto’s vocabulary and grammar per unit, prompts open-ended replies, and provides pronunciation feedback via automatic speech recognition (ASR).

Tanaka, Y., & Ellis, R. (2019). Scripted vs. unscripted pair work in JFL classrooms. JALT Journal , 41(2), 147–168.

Limitations: small sample, 8-week duration, single institution. Replication with lower proficiency levels and longitudinal retention tests is needed. Marugoto Plus is not a replacement for the original series but a pedagogical enhancement that responds to digital-native learners’ needs. By layering AI conversation, gamified kanji, and VR culture onto Marugoto’s solid foundation, educators can achieve higher spontaneous output and engagement without sacrificing curricular rigor.

[Additional references would include: Rasa documentation, Immerse VR efficacy studies, WaniKani retention data, etc.] Sample Marubot dialogue (Unit: “Asking for directions”) Appendix B: VR quest design template for Marugoto Plus Appendix C: Survey instrument and raw data tables Correspondence: [generated academic contact] Conflict of Interest Statement: The author declares no competing interests. Funding: This research received no specific grant from funding agencies.

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