A key distinction: In , experiences are typically ego-dystonic (distressing), persistent, and accompanied by loss of reality testing. In non-pathological parapsychopathological cases (if they exist), the person retains insight, the experience is transient, and often occurs in a clear sensorium. 4. Differential Diagnosis: Parapsychopathological vs. Psychopathological Clinical guidelines (e.g., DSM‑5‑TR, ICD‑11) do not recognize psi phenomena. However, for research purposes, the following filter is proposed (after Lukoff, 1985; more recent transpersonal psychiatry approaches):
Seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy), migraines, brain tumors, substance intoxication/withdrawal. parapsihopatologija
| | Phenomena | Psychiatric differential | |------------|---------------|-------------------------------| | Extra-sensory perception (ESP) | Telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition | Paranoid ideation, referential thinking, magical ideation | | Psychokinesis | Mind-matter interaction, poltergeist effects | Catatonic excitement, conversion disorder | | Dissociative / Out-of-body | OBE, autoscopy, possession experiences | Depersonalization-derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder | | Apparitional / Haunting | Crisis apparitions, ghosts, near-death experiences | Visual hallucinations (e.g., peduncular hallucinosis), bereavement-related hallucinosis | A key distinction: In , experiences are typically